Ending Mass Incarceration
Means to "Stop Incarceration The Innocence" because we can!
Stop using Circumstantial Evidence (indirect evidence that does not, on its face, prove a fact in issue) "Without" collaborating physical evidence (tangible that the court can examine and consider.)
Stop using "He Said, She Said" as evidence (uncountable) Conflicting reports.
Circumstantial Evidence:
For example, that a suspect is seen running away from a murder scene with a weapon in hand is circumstantial evidence he (MAY HAVE) committed the murder, (Not Proven or demonstrated by evidence) but by argument only to be true or existing
Collaborating Physical Evidence;
Physical evidence is something "tangible" that the court can examine and consider in "making connections and determining proof beyond a reasonable doubt." Physical evidence include guns, weapons, bodily fluids, a bloody knife or clothing, fired bullets, spent casings, DNA, fingerprints, footprints or lipstick impressions left on a glass or napkin.
Physical evidence "is a key component" in solving crimes.
AT THE MOMENT;
#1 Reason; Drug Possession - account for the incarceration of over 350,000 people.
Increased for the first time since 2005, rising in U.S. residents
660 per 100,000 in 2020
680 per 100,000 in 2021,
Rate preceding the COVID-19 pandemic
810 per 100,000 in 2019.
Together, these systems hold almost
2 million people in 1,566
state prisons,
98 federal prisons,
3,116 local jails,
1,323 juvenile
correctional facilities,
181 immigration detention facilities, and
80
Indian country jails,
as well as in military prisons, civil commitment
centers, state psychiatric hospitals, and prisons in the U.S.
territories.
Low-paid or unpaid prison labor are among the most contentious issues in criminal justice today. Sexual (rape by other inmates) and Violent Crimes (means about an individual’s dangerousness ) along with moral costs of incarceration and lifelong punishment at the hands of other inmates and even by guards.
7% of all incarcerated people are held in private prisons; the vast majority are in publicly-owned (Government) prisons and (County) jails. Nevertheless, a range of private industries and even some public agencies "continue to profit from mass incarceration" with many city and county jails rent space to other agencies, including state prison systems and after decades of bad policy choices, it should be no surprise that jails are disproportionately filled with already-marginalized groups:
-
65% of the jail population meets medical standards for having a diagnosable substance abuse disorder.
- 15.3% of the jail population reports being recently homeless compared to just 2.0% of the general population.
- 52% of people in jail are people of color, compared to only 28% of
the general population. Black people are jailed at 4x the rate of white
people.
- 7.7% of the adult jail population identifies as lesbian, gay, or bisexual, compared to 3.5% of the general population.
Research in different jurisdictions has found people detained prior to
trial, compared to similarly situated peers who are not detained, are:
- More likely to plead guilty for lessor time even when they are innocence
- More likely to be convicted if they take it to trail without physical collaborating evidence
- More likely to be sentenced to jail if taken to trail
- More likely to have longer sentences if incarcerated after convicted by trial in court
Change offenses and how offenses are treated
States should ban for-profit probation and publish court-level data on probation fees.
States should reclassify criminal offenses and turn misdemeanor charges that don’t threaten public safety into non-jailable infractions.
For other offenses, states should create a presumption of citation, in lieu of arrests, for certain low-level crimes
- For low-level crimes where substance abuse and/or mental illnesses are involved, states should make treatment-based diversion programs the default instead of jail. States should also fully fund these diversion programs.
- States should immediately set up pilot projects to test promising programs that facilitate successful navigation of the criminal justice system.
Community based pretrial education programs, court notification
systems, and other “wrap-around” pretrial services often increase court
compliance while also reducing recidivism
- Encourage judges to use non-monetary sanctions, rather than fines and fees; and should ensure that judges are holding indigence hearings before imposing and enforcing unaffordable fees.
- Eliminate the two-track system of justice by abolishing money bail. States unwilling to take that step should abolish the for-profit bail industry in their state, and provide technical resources to existing local-level bail alternative programs to help these programs self-evaluate and improve state-level knowledge.
Change Producing will Help people successfully navigate the criminal justice system to more positive outcomes with Change policies that criminalize poverty or that create financial incentives for unnecessarily punitive policies. Monitor how local discretion has statewide effects and Explore ways to advance justice by clearing court backlogs.
- States should actively monitor how local prosecutorial decisions
impact state-level prison populations and also require prosecutors to
collect and publish aggregate data on bail decisions, charging
decisions, and other measures to allow analysis of whether prosecutorial
discretion is magnifying racial disparities or increasing the state’s
prison population.
- Struggling with particularly backlogged courts should create a procedure to dismiss old, minor criminal cases.
- Particularly are Alabama, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Tennessee, and Utah should evaluate whether the renting of local jail space to state and federal authorities is steering local officials away from effectively addressing local needs.
America’s high homicide rate 7.8 per 100,000 in 2020 and is the highest since 1995 and represents a record increase of approximately 30 percent with respect to 2019.
As of 2021, an estimated 17.7 million American women had been victims of attempted or completed rape. 18.8% out-of 331 Million or 3.3 per 100,000
Factoring in unreported rapes, only about 6% of rapists ever serve a day in jail.
If a rape is reported, there is a 50.8% chance of an arrest, in most cases, approximately 80% (80 out of 100) victims know their offender making an arrest and conviction more likely. That means that 20% (20 out of 100) of offenders are unknown by the victim and may go free.
This on the hand of prosecution, makes a case easier because of the factors;
Victim knows the person personally because they are,
Family,
Friends,
If an arrest is made, there is an 95% chance of prosecution with approximately 89% rate of conviction.
If there is a prosecution, there is a 70% chance of conviction of the accused based on just knowing the offender and leading that Murder and Non-negligent homicide is 52.3% chance of prosecution and 54.6% chance of conviction.
Violent offenses
account for 62% or 3 in 5 people in state prisons. Property
offenses account for 14% of those incarceration of about 1 in 7 people.
The United States maintains a higher incarceration rate
than most developed countries. Texas
has the highest prison population with 133,772 individuals, followed by
California with 101,441 individuals.
The states with
the lowest prison populations are Vermont with 1,287 individuals and
Maine with 1,577 prisoners. While the spending "per inmate" varies from state to state, State of Tennessee spends approximate $534.2 Million or $18,000 per prisoner, in Mississippi $135,978 per prisoner, in Wyoming in States spent an average of $45,771 per prisoner and approximately $1.2 Billion for the fiscal year.
CoreCivic, formerly
the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), is a company that owns and
manages private prisons and detention centers and operates others on a
concession basis. Co-founded in 1983 in Nashville, Tennessee by Thomas
W. Beasley and Robert Crants.
Inmates will not be paid for hours their supervisor considers them on call, but they do not work and includes inmate advisors (who work against other inmates), maintenance workers (who maintain the facility,) etc. which is a lie within itself. Inmates work for approximately $25 to $100, approximately 147 hours per month, if nothing more than wiping tables off see Policy 504.04
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